灰绿碱蓬多糖脱蛋白工艺研究

蛋白本身具有热敏感性,糖蛋白复合物在脱除蛋白质以后,多糖自身的生物活性会明显增加。本文测定了灰绿碱蓬根、茎、叶的基本营养成分,采用水提醇沉法提取了灰绿碱蓬多糖,并优化了多糖脱蛋白工艺比较了Savage法、(NH4)SO4沉淀法、TCA法和酶-Savage法这4种方法的脱蛋白效果。结果显示,灰绿碱蓬多糖的最佳脱蛋白方式为酶-Savage法,酶添加量为7%,Savage溶液处理一次,此条件下脱蛋白效果和多糖保留率均最好,蛋白质脱除率为80.71%,多糖保留率为67.27%。     

不同来源文冠果成品苗造林表现

对3个不同来源地的文冠果成品苗造林后的成活率及生育指标研究表明,成活率高低依次为中神木浩泽一年生成品苗(本地自育苗)、榆林佳县3年生成品苗、甘肃西北文冠果基地3年生成品苗。就地育苗就地移栽的浩泽一年生成品苗造林成活率高达93.33%,且第1年的生长量明显高于其他两个来源的。文冠果造林应在本地育苗。     

盆栽龙胆的微体扦插繁殖研究

本试验采用5种不同扦插基质及4种不同规格的盆栽龙胆插穗进行微体扦插繁殖试验。结果表明，70％泥炭 30％珍珠岩较适宜龙胆扦插、生根，插穗长度以3节插穗为好。     

黄连木种子小蜂的研究进展

黄连木种子小蜂是黄连木的最主要害虫。该文对各地有关黄连木种子小蜂发生与危害特点、生活史、生长发育与环境的关系以及测报与防治方面的研究进展情况进行了总结。     

Neuroprotective effect of methanolic extracts of Allium cepa on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury

The present study is designed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of Allium cepa bulb on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Pretreatment with methanolic extract of outer scales (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and edible portions (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) of A. cepa bulb markedly reduced cerebral infarct size and attenuated impairment in short-term memory and motor coordination. The protective effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of A. cepa bulb was accompanied by a marked decrease in mitochondrial TBARS.     

Morphological evidences for onion-induced growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes

The antifungal activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) on two important dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with special reference to morphological aspects was studied. Growth of both fungi was found to be strongly inhibited by aqueous onion extract (AOE) as a dose-dependent manner. The extract showed fungicidal effect for both fungi at concentrations >3.12% (v/v). The fungus T. mentagrophytes was more affected by the onion as compared to T. rubrum at all concentrations used. Morphological effects of onion exposure were examined in correlation with fungal growth. Corresponding to the growth inhibition, light and electron microscopy observations revealed morphological anomalies in hyphal compartments. The results demonstrated that AOE targets the cell membrane of the fungi as breaking down of both inner and outer membranes with consequent extrution of materials into the surrounding medium. Cytoplasmic membranes and other membranous structures of organelles, such as nuclei and mitochondria, were also disrupted. In correlation to the fungal growth, morphological alterations occurred to a less content for T. rubrum compared with T. mentagrophytes. The hyphae of T. rubrum were found to be mainly affected by converting to resistant forms, i.e., chlamidospores as a consequence of phenotype switching response to AOE. Plasmolysis accompanied by an almost complete depletion and disorganization of cytoplasmic structures were found to be the final event which led to cell death. Ultrastructural evidences obtained from this study strongly support that morphological changes of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes caused by AOE are associated with its fungistatic and fungicidal activities. With respect to the morphological results and the preliminary data on fungal biochemistry, a mechanism of action by interacting of AOE with thiol (-SH) groups present in essential compartments of the fungal cells was postulated.     

筋骨草内昆虫蜕皮激素类似物对杨干象的杀虫作用

从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。     

三种抗旱植物叶片解剖结构的对比观察

通过制作石蜡切片对沙棘、文冠果、虎榛子叶片的解剖结构进行了观察 ,以角质层厚度 ,栅栏组织厚度/叶肉组织厚度 ,第一层栅栏组织细胞密集度 ,侧维管束密度 ,主脉厚度这几项旱性结构的主要指标进行检验比较 ,结果表明这三种植物都具备抗旱结构但又有各自的抗旱特点 ,综合各抗旱指标对三种植物的抗旱性排序 ,其抗旱能力为 :文冠果 >沙棘 >虎榛子     

文冠果枝叶生长与叶幕微气候的关系研究

【目的】探索叶幕微气候因子对文冠果枝条生长发育和光合同化能力的影响,为文冠果树体的整形修剪提供理论依据。【方法】在山东东营选择20株6年生文冠果树,调查其冠层内东西南北4个方向,每方向上层和下层、外侧和内侧4个区域,共16个小区域的温度、湿度、光照等微气候因子,再分别测定各区域文冠果枝叶量及叶片光合色素、光合产物和氮含量,并将其与微气候因子进行相关性分析。【结果】文冠果叶幕内不同区域温度和湿度均无显著差异,但不同区域光照强度差异显著,除北向上层外侧光照强度略低于下层外侧外,其余各方向均有上层外侧最高、下层内侧最低的现象,两区域差异达260.0%。树冠东、南方向1年生枝条数量、长度、基径均大于西、北方向;树冠上层1年生枝条数量少于下层,而上层1年生枝条长度、基径均大于下层;树冠外侧新枝数量和叶片数量均多于内侧,下层叶片数量多于上层,但上下层新枝数量无明显差异。5月为树冠内新枝数量和叶面积增长最快的时段,树冠上层新枝数量和叶面积增长快且明显大于下层,与光照强度增长规律一致。树冠内叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均有西、北方向高于东、南方向的规律;可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和碳氮比均有外侧大于内侧,东、南方向大于西、北方向,且东、南方向各区域差异较大的规律。光照与文冠果树冠枝、叶生长指标和叶片生理指标相关性较大,且与多数树体枝、叶生长指标和叶片生理指标均呈显著正相关关系,但与光合色素含量无显著相关性。【结论】适当对东、南方向和上层、外侧的枝条加以疏除,可以增强透光性,能使树体生长更为均匀,为文冠果产量提高奠定基础。